Juvenile delinquency case free essay sample

Juvenile crimes are the various offenses that children under the age of eight-teen commit. The acts involved in these crimes are called Juvenile delinquency. The issue of Juvenile delinquency has been a rising issue in the American society for decades. As we take a look into the factors behind this problem we will also look into what changes have been made to the Juvenile Justice system to combat this. Factors behind Juvenile delinquency is said to be mental illness and substance abuse which are the main contributors. It is said to be that roughly thirty to ninety percent of etained and incarcerated Juveniles have been found to have some sort of mental illness. In the past, there were times when these crimes would escalate or get more violent. This necessitated changes in the policies by law enforcement officers to meet the growing problem. Among these changes were the impositions of Juvenile transfer laws, prosecutorial discretion and even capital punishment for these Juveniles. We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile delinquency case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the case of Jordan Brown, it is one of the rare cases in which he does not fall into the thirty-ninety percent quartile range of mental problems. He also does not fall under he category of a substance abuser. Jordan Brown is an eleven year old boy who allegedly killed his stepmother to be. In February of 2009, a four year old daughter of Kenzie Houk came running out of her house screaming her mother was dead. A local tree cutting service heard the cries from the child and immediately got the address of the home to call 911. State police found the body of a pregnant twenty-six year old, Kenzie Houk, lying in her bed dead from a shotgun blast to the back of the head in the small town of Wampum, Pennsylvania. The search for her killer ended quickly in utter despair. The murderer was eleven year old Jordan Brown, son of the victims fianc ©. Local weather reports had roughly one inch of snow on the ground since the night before and there were no traces of footprints near the house except ones made by the father who left for work that night before the autopsy proved she was dead. The shooting occurred sometime after the father had left for work, approximately 3:30a. m, leaving only Jordan Brown and Houks two daughters at the ages of four and seven at the home. Police investigators found a shotgun shell dropped along a path in which Jordan alked along with Houks oldest daughter to catch the school bus after the shooting. The shotgun belonged to Jordan; it was a gift he had received on Christmas a year prior to the shooting. The father, Chris Brown, bought him the gun because the two of them would go hunting together. The gun was locked away and only taken out when the two of them would go out on their hunting trips. They also found the shotgun witn residue trom the bullet, in Jordans room along wi tn that same residue on his shirt and pants. Before the shooting occurred a few days prior, Houks nephew reportedly heard Jordan commenting on murdering the Houk family. Reports claim Jordan stated if I had I gun I would pop Kenzie and her two girls. When asked about the remark Jordan responded with a simple no I never said that. Also a testimony from Houks oldest daughter had said that she saw Jordan earlier in the day and he was holding a gun. A possible motive for the homicide or probable behavior has also been provided by the prosecutor in the case. It was a blended family, and the alleged juvenile was said to be Jealous of the fianc © getting married to his father and all the attention she was receiving for the baby that was due in two weeks. He felt as if he as being mistreated by the fianc © who reportedly favorited her own daughters more than him. She would allegedly not give him any attention and only pay mind or take interest in her own two kids. Lastly, the parents decided to move him out of his room so that they could make more room for the new baby. As an eleven year old boy it is hard to cope with all of these new changes at home and this was essentially the last straw for Jordan. This case is an unusual one because the murder occurred in Pennsylvania and the law states that any homicide will be conducted in an adult court room, regardless of the age of the offender. The offender is one of the countrys youngest suspects to be charged with homicide. Jordan spent the next three years in a Juvenile detention center in Erie, Pennsylvania in hopes that his lawyer would move the case to a Juvenile hearing instead of an adult hearing. John Bongivengo of the Lawrence County District Attorneys Office states: In the case of homicide, my choice is either to charge Jordan as an adult, or dont charge him at all. Not charging him at all? That would not be feasible. (Bongivengo, 2010) In Bongivengds perspective, he has to charge Jordan; he has no other options due to state law. But many people are arguing saying that twelve is much too young to have a life sentence. Pennsylvania has the most Juveniles sentenced to life in parole than any other state in the U. S. Lawrence Steinberg of Temple University had some comments on the possible sentencing stating: l think the Judges decision in this case is both disappointing, and I think, misinformed. The Judge is saying in order to be tried as a Juvenile you need to admit that youVe done the crime. That doesnt seem quite right to me. A childs brain isnt fully developed especially in area that controls decision making, risk taking and mpulsive control. (Steinberg, 2010) Eventually, Browns lawyer successfully argued to move the court hearing to a Juvenile court room. If the trial had not been moved to the Juvenile court system and it stayed at the adult court room, Brown would have faced the charges of a life sentence without parole. Instead, he was found to be an adjudicated delinquent, which means he was found responsible for the deaths of Kenzie and her unborn child. Jordan will receive treatment and his progress will be reviewed in six month intervals. Lawrence County Judge John Hodge found the ow-14-year-old Jordan Brown delinquent, the Juvenile court equivalent of a guilty verdict, in the deaths of 26-year-old Kenzie Houk and her unborn child. The Judge closed the trial, held about 45 miles northwest of Pittsburgh, to the media and all but close family members because of the boys age during the killings. (Mandak, 2012) The defendants lawyer, Stephen Colafella stated that it is much too early to say if he would appeal the Judges ruling on the official verdict of first degree murder and criminal homicide charges. (Colatella, 2012) Also, Prosecutor Anthony Krastek nad ome words to say and commented on the verdict exclaiming it was important because it would now allow the child to receive the medical attention he needs such as counseling and other treatments the child did not receive prior to the courts verdict because the family would not accept the boys guilt. (Krastek, 2012) Browns sentence will have him in an undisclosed treatment center until the age of twenty- one where he will be released based on progress of the therapeutic treatments he will receive. The father of Jordan still felt that his son was not guilty and made it appoint to see his son found set free. He travels a four hour round trip drive every day to visit his son in the detention center and trusts that his son is not responsible. He states l know my son. Ive talked to him numerous times in depth about what happened and f he knew anything about it, if he was involved, he would have told me by now, Brown said. Not only that, but keep in mind, [he was] 11 years old when this happened, now 14. In the environment that hes in, a child like that is going to break down and his story has not changed from day one. (Brown, 201 3) On May 9, 2013 the delinquency finding was appealed by the defense, and the Pennsylvania Superior Court issued a decision that overturned the finding. The boys lawyer said he was pleased but not shocked due to the insufficient evidence against the young boy and that there may have been other people involved in the execution. He states he had always felt that the state had insufficient evidence against Brown and that other people may have been involved in the shooting. (Colafella, 2013) He was pleased but not shocked at the overturned verdict. The Attorney Generals office asked the Superior Court to reopen the arguments, but they declined to do so in July, leaving the prosecution to appeal to the state Supreme Court. However, the defense team appealed the guilty verdict on the arguments that key evidence was unsupported by facts. According to the Superior Court decision issued in May 2013, a key piece of evidence was that there were no unaccounted-for footprints in the snow around the home in Wampum that the Browns shared with Houk and her two daughters. Leaving the initial ruling that Brown would stay in the Juvenile detention center until August of 2018. After a full analysis of the case, I believe that the only possible theory that incorporates in Jordan Browns case is strain theory. Strain theory applies because Jordan was under the impression he was being detached from the family or he was not given the attention he needed to receive. At the age of eleven, a young child is going through emotions and needs parental figures to provide unconditional love and affection towards which provides structure. Jordan, being in a blended family obviously felt he was not given the same affection that his future step mother had been giving to her own children which caused him to react the way that he did. He felt he was being neglected which caused him to become stressed. Stressed to a point where the only way things would ever go back to being the same was if he killed Kenzie and the baby. Being in a blended family caused Jordan to feel unappreciated of Kenzie Houk and it was a difficult time for him to cope with the changes at home. This was a particularly hard time for Jordan, who not only had to deal with his new step mom and step sisters, but also had to deal with another new born child which would eventually make him feel unimportant and out of the family. And ot course chi Idren are extremely sensitive when it comes to any changes at ome, and changes in family structure can take their toll. If it is not handled in a proper fashion, this can cause tremendous negative impacts on their personality. I believe that the end result of the death of Kenzie and her baby was because of the unstable structure at home and it caused Jordan to snap. At the initial hearing in which the case presented itself, I felt as if the courts were way too strict to hold the case in an adult court room. Jordan was eleven years old at the time of the crime, how can a Judge rule the defendant guilty with a sentence of life without parole? At ge eleven? How young is too young to be convicted of murder? I believe that Jordan should be kept in a psychiatric mental institution and get mental evaluations until treatment and medication proves that he is no longer a danger to himself or society and base his release time off of that. After the trial had been successfully moved into the Juvenile court room, I feel as if the Judges final verdict was more than reasonable. Jordan will now face up to ten years in a Juvenile detention center where he will receive all the treatment and medication he needs to get better.

20 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on IT from the Academic Perspective

20 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on IT from the Academic Perspective Academically, IT has great potential to help and reform the learning abilities of a modern day student. There is so much to talk about the changes IT can bring in the world of education. If you want to write a comparative analysis in the form of an essay, this guide should prove very helpful. If you recall, the first in the series of these guides was 12 facts on it in the academic perspective for a compare and contrast essay, which helped you kick-start your research. This is the next part which will help pinpoint your research focus and choose a topic. Here are 20 topics on IT in the academic perspective for a compare and contrast essay: Codified Knowledge in IT System: Is It Required? Teaching Methods with IT Systems Issues in Adopting an IT Based System IT-based Performance Measurement Indicators Effects on Teaching Jobs: Tenures and Motivation if IT Is Implemented IT Systems Integration in the Autonomy of Teaching Staff Concept of Productivity Under IT IT Implementation and Economies of Scale How Non-Traditional Education Providers Can Offer High Quality Education through IT Based Systems Cost Comparison of IT Learning System and Traditional Education System Academic Administrative Record Keeping through IT Implementation Ease of Access to Education through IT and its Economic Repercussions on Traditional Institutes Ease of Preparation for Teaching Staff before a Lecture Due to IT System Integration Concept of Online Portals and How They Are Beneficial to Students Who Want to Revise Lectures Academic Research in IT-based Educational Systems Is Complete IT Reformation of Educational System Financially and Administratively Possible? Reprogramming IT Systems vs Retraining Teachers Printed and Electronic Educational Material: What Is Better? Outsourcing Teachers through IT Systems Time Management in IT Systems: The Problem of Relocating Time and Resources For now, here is a sample essay on one of the topics mentioned above. It is recommended that you read the following before we discuss how to write the actual essay, Sample Compare and Contrast Essay: Issues to Adopting an IT-based System In order to have full-scale implementation of IT strategies, methods and technology, one must understand and know how to address various issues revolving around the acceptance of IT in academic institutions. Even in nature or life, when we generally try to introduce change in an existing and established system, its first response is to fight back, much like immune systems respond to foreign organisms or bacteria. Similarly when we talk about changing the education system, there is a huge divide between different school of thoughts, primarily due to fear of the unknown and the financial investments that follow. People love consistency and they believe the existing educational system is perfect in every sense, and that IT integration is a bit of a farfetched and not really necessary concept. One of the biggest issues to full IT adoption is dealing with people who have invested in the traditional way of doing things like teaching techniques, how to scale productivity and faculty autonomy. Going in more detail of scale of productivity, for example, I believe the real factors are the student-teacher ratio, teaching loads and sizes of classrooms. One solution to the above is teachers changing their perspective and allowing change. Simply saying that they prefer things a certain way isn’t enough; for progress’s sake, the systems need to be upgraded. The concept of faculty autonomy comes under scrutiny if interconnectivity is introduced, meaning the teachers and professors will no longer be able to control where, when and what they teach. This alone gives them reason enough to make sure that the system doesn’t get IT upgrades, and this ultimately, affects the students’ learning productivity and capacity. Academic faculties are run by people and not everyone is good at their job, frankly speaking. Unfortunately, there is a sizeable amount of teaching faculties in the US who believe that productivity and quality learning is calculated through the sheer number of scholarships. Traditional teaching systems rely heavily on scholarship-based assessments rather than promoting education that can be used actively by students in their daily lives, It is natural that teachers will see this as a threat and they would prefer more faculty members rather than adopting IT. None of them would be in favor of going for the additional expenses of investing in an IT system either. But facts are facts; academic institutes have very little incentive to teach and a lot of incentive to carry out research work. This means that the institutes are heading towards more research work and seriously reducing class workload for students. In educational institutes, nearly all departments give little attention to teaching itself and the overall learning process; rather, research is evaluated in detail while teaching and learning aren’t properly scrutinized. While teachers do put in extra effort and evaluate each student individually, departments, however, do not strictly regulate educational objectives and performance assessments. Cost comparisons are where most IT proposals are rejected because traditional policy makers often can’t fathom the cost-cutting that eventually comes with an IT investment. For them, the initial investment is way too much, or so they think. Traditional policy makers have a â€Å"don’t change till it breaks† mindset and for them, it’s almost impossible to understand some of the rewards that come with making new investments. This concludes our sample compare and contrast essay on IT in the academic perspective. Make sure to check our guide on this academic genre and subject in our next piece. References: The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula 2005.Computing Curricula 2005: The Overview Report (pdf) Using Information Technology to Enhance Academic Productivity. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2016, from https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/html/nli0004.html Alrafi, A. (n.d.). Information systems adoption: A study of the technology acceptance model. Bouwman, H. (2005). Information and communication technology in organizations: Adoption, implementation, use and effects. London: SAGE. Centre for Education in Science Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2016, from cest.org.uk/importance-of-technology-in-schools/ Five Ways Teachers Can Use Technology to Help Students. (2013). Retrieved July 19, 2016, from brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/05/07-teachers-technology-students-education-west-bleiberg Need and Importance of Information Technology in Education. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2016, from http://wikieducator.org/Need_and_Importance_of_Information_Technology_in_Education

Travel Writing 101

Travel Writing 101 A lot of freelance writers dream of breaking into travel journalism. Who doesn’t want to see the world and get paid for the privilege? Most of us fall into one of two camps. We either think travel journalism is easy and anyone can do it, or we think it’s an impossible dream. The truth lies somewhere in the middle. In addition to numerous specialist travel magazines and websites worldwide, the vast majority of which use freelancers to provide content, most national newspapers and lifestyle publications also have travel sections. All told, this is a lot of markets you could be writing for. Think of an angle, with one eye on current trends, obviously based around a specific destination (the more off the beaten track the better – there are only so many articles about Paris or New York City a publication needs) and pitch away until you get a commission. Bear in mind editors will generally be more receptive to fully-formed ideas that adhere to their contributor’s guidelines and fit their existing format. Then, you can start planning. Write up a detailed itinerary listing everything from how you plan to get there and where you are going to stay, to activities and airport transfers. Always check local events listings and try to maximize your time Now the hard work begins. Use your newly-acquired commission as leverage to approach tour operators, airlines, car hire companies, hotels, local amenities, businesses and tourist attractions which could theoretically slot into your schedule. Explain that you would be happy to namecheck them in your article in exchange for a free ticket, a room for a night, or even a meal, depending on what service the business provides. Be warned, the potential provider will likely want to see details of the publication you are writing for (circulation, readership, demographic, etc.), proof of commission (a short-headed letter from a commissioning editor will suffice) and will need you to explain how their service or product will be integrated into your feature. In short, they will want to know if working with you will be worth their investment. This step requires a lot of legwork, but in a perfect world, you should be able to subsidize your trip, if not pay for the whole thing. Unless you are a staf fer, in the current climate very few publications are prepared to pay contributor’s expenses, but it never hurts to ask. In the digital age, most freelance travel writers have a large social media presence and a blog. Some also have YouTube channels. Maintaining a blog and building a following takes time. But the old adage ‘Sell it and they will come’ bears fruit. If you provide a worthwhile product and promote it well, readers will find you. How do you provide a worthwhile product? Make your posts valuable, practical, and ensure each has a jewel, some hidden or little-known fact or nugget of knowledge. Aim to fill a niche, such as traveling on a budget or being a solo traveler. Remember, your blog is your showcase. When it has gained some traction, arm yourself with the vital stats such as your total followers and site hits (screenshots are more impressive) and go about the subsequent steps as you would if you’d won a commission from a national publication. There are a few free platforms you can use for blogging. I recommend WordPress or Wix. https://wordpress.com https://www.wix.com/ Alternatively, try contacting various agencies such as international tourist boards and other official bodies. Introduce yourself and ask about any promotional press trips. This is something countries do to boost international tourism. Then you can pitch editors according to what’s available. Play your cards right, and you could be writing your next assignment from a beach hut in Madagascar.

New Keynesian Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New Keynesian Model - Essay Example A major advantage of the NKPC compared with the traditional Phillips curve is said to be that the latter is a reduced-form relationship; whereas, NKPC model has a clear structural interpretation so that it can be useful for interpreting the impact of structural changes on inflation (Gali and Gertler 1999). The key New Keynesian models of incomplete nominal adjustment Dynamic Stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) is a new Keynesian economic model whose foundation is hinged on the microeconomics elements. The key purpose of the DGSE model is to integrate monetary policies and theories with real business cycles impacting the economies. The model acknowledges and specifies preferences of economic agents such as individuals and firms who wish to maximize utility ad profits respectively. The DGSE model depends on the current choices of economic agents to predict future economic outcomes. It also allows stochastic disruption on the technology of production and applies the competition princi ple to compute equilibrium price and quantities under the function of preferences, tastes, technology and random shocks (Geweke 2009). There are many assumptions that are made in the DSGE model. The first assumption is that the model relies on complete markets. Complete markets allow competitive monopolistic economic agents (firms) to set prices in response to market conditions. The set prices cannot be adjusted instantly without incurring some additional costs. Second assumption is that prices and wages are sticky. Economic processes are influenced by various factors that delay price and wage adjustments making it difficult to attain full equilibrium. Such factors include failure of firms to reduce prices even if marginal cost decreases in order to increase their level of profits. If demands fall, firms are likely to hold prices constant and reduce production rather than reduce the prices of goods or services. Thirdly, the model assumes that economic agents are rational. This means that economic agents choose appropriate consumption paths that maximize utility and production paths that maximize profits. Fourthly, resources are fully utilized in each period. This means that there are no resources spilling to the next budget period. Fifth, input decisions are determined by people who decide how much time they work, the quantity of goods and services they consume as well as the amount of income they save and invest in line with costs associated to those decisions. Sixth, the economy is closed. This indicates that they are no international goods or services that flow in or out of the economy. Seventh, money markets do not exist in the economy. Finally, the eight assumption of DGSE model is that people know policies that affect them a next in advance. For example, people know the exact tax policy that affects them in the coming year. These are policies that are likely to be sustained though they are likely to experience stochastic disturbances. The model takes int o consideration random shocks such as technological change, fluctuations in price of oil and errors in macroeconomic models. Though the model is considered superior, it has been criticized that it was not useful in analyzing the financial crisis of 2007-2010. It is also considered as too stylish

Field Report for Sierra leone Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Field Report for Sierra leone - Assignment Example As an outcome, industrialexpansions, large scale agriculture of trade products, as well as justifiable and sustainable investments have been highly neglected by governments. Therefore, the economy could be defined as exploitative, and is based on the pulling out of unsustainable resources as well as non-recyclable assets. An interview was conductedon three different groups, and from each group, one person was chosen to represent the groups. The first group was made up of people working in the government, the other group represented common people, while the other group represented the privileged in the society.The first group was represented by Mr. John; the other one was represented by Mr. Eke, while the third group was represented by Miss Ann. John: Sierra Leone is currently carrying out its development strategy under the national long term perspectives, a programme known as â€Å"vision 2025†. The significance of this programme spins around nurturing and promoting a strong, self-reliant, modest, and competitive private zone steered the economy with very strong and stable participation. Employing the overarching strategies of the long term perspectives, current macroeconomic policy is conducted on poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP)developed with the IMF. The aspects of this plan include infrastructure development, private sector development, and reforms to enhance and increase domestic revenue collection. The poverty reduction strategy puts an emphasis on agriculture and fisheries, human development, transportation, as well as energy. John: Both the PRSP and the â€Å"vision 2025† have a number of key challenges in the development of the private sector as well as an investment which includes; the dominance of a substantial and growing informal sub sector, Sierra Leone’s limited capacity to participate in investment activities, and a weak institutional environment

Preventing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorders in New Zealand

Preventing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorders in New Zealand SUBMITTED BY: Harmanjot Kaur (CIB00002rv) Amandeep Kaur (CIB00002ku) New Zealand is one of the healthiest and welfare countries. The government is well aware about the fact of healthy citizens. According to Global Health Observatory Data Repository Total expenditure on health in New Zealand is increasing every year, and was 10.3% of Gross domestic product in the year 2013. This level of improvement in health has come through various health organizations. New Zealand is incorporating and following the Ottawa Charter for health promotion, which was being held for the first time in Ottawa, on 21st of November 1986. It was basically a reaction to the developmental needs of population for general wellbeing. It was based on the advancement made through the Declaration on Primary Health Care at Alma-Ata, the World Health Organizations Targets for Health all over the world. Treaty of Waitangi: New Zealand government recognizes that MÄ ori wellbeing and incapacity needs are an obligation regarding the entire area. It likewise recognizes that MÄ ori groups ought to have the capacity to characterize their own particular needs for wellbeing. Thus, while health promotion we need to consider three principles of the Treaty of Waitangi that is a Partnership, Participation, Protection (Ministry of Health, 2014). 1. Partnership: The partnership between people who are promoting health and women of New Zealand who can be MÄ ori or non-MÄ ori or someone else to create, execute, and survey strategies to promote their health. 2. Participation: The Participation is about equal opportunity and results. It comes when both health promoters and women of different cultures participate together to get positive outcomes. 3. Protection: The principal of protection is about maintaining the dignity and protecting the rich MÄ ori culture, interests, values and beliefs while promotion of health. Drinking liquor is a piece of numerous New Zealanders lives, however, to a noteworthy extent, the example of drinking reasons hurt both to themselves as well as other people. One of the serious emerging threat of alcoholism in New Zealander females is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). It has been noted that about 3000 children born with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder every year in New Zealand (Dastgheib, 2014). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)is an umbrella term used for a group of conditions caused by alcohol exposure to fetal. Each condition is somewhat similar to other and its diagnosis are based on the appearance of characteristic features which are different in different individual and may be physical, developmental and or neurobehavioral (National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, 2013). Liquor can result in harm to the unborn kid whenever mother consume alcohol during pregnancy and the level of damage is subject to the amount and frequency of liquor consumption. The adverse of alcohol also depend on age of pregnant mother, environmental factors like stress, diet, poverty, and housing. It encompasses the following diagnostic terms: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): is utilized to depict a particular identifiable gathering of young people who all impart certain qualities: a particular arrangement of facial peculiarities, focal sensory system (CNS) dysfunction, and regularly development insufficiency. (Blackburn, 2010). Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (PFAS): In this case children have few appeared symptoms, some physical symptoms and few intellectual disabilities. (Blackburn, 2010). Alcohol-related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND): Causes damage to central nervous system, Child my face challenges in learning, poor motivation control, poor social aptitudes, and issues with memory, consideration and judgment (Blackburn, 2010). Alcohol-related Birth Defects (ARBD): Particular physical inconsistencies these can be heart disorders, skeletal, vision, hearing related issues. (Stratton, Howe and Battaglia 1996). There is no cure for FASD and its effects last a lifetime (Ministry of Health, 2014). So there is need to prevent the cause. HEALTH PROMOTION PLAN: Rationale: There is a need of action to reinforced endeavors to spread word about Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorder (FASD). It is been identifies as a priority to prevent FASD and to address the gaps in delivery of service to those affected by FASD. It is underpinned by a commitment to the Treaty of Waitangi. It recognizes New Zealand’s obligations under a range of United Nations charters. So there is need have decimate the FAS from New Zealand society as almost half of NZ women are consuming some alcohol while pregnant. The alcohol consumption is not limited to the female consuming it, it is passed through placenta, as other nutrition passes to fetus. There is need to realize the fact and take an action while cooperating in a facilitated, financed and successful key heading. Population Group: This program covers all the women in their fertility age. Program description: Program includes Primary awareness, Secondary awareness and dealing with the disorder. A scope of methodologies is utilized as a major aspect of a national interchanges project to help New Zealanders settle on positive choices about their liquor utilization especially in pregnant women. PRIMARY AWARENESS Essential step: Our first step will be developing fund sources to incorporate widespread general mindfulness messages to all communities in New Zealand. Few communities including Maori, Pacific Islander females, and migrants need to be focused more because they are less likely to be familiar with terms like FASD. There need of making those people aware of such conditions so that they can abstain from drinking liquor during pregnancy. Awareness campaigns for young females: It is likely to possible that we can conduct seminars and promotional campaigns in schools starting from intermediate or higher levels, because this is the age in which child get addicted to alcohol and other things. They should be aware of fetus alcohol syndrome in there early fertility age, so that they can easily make better choices for their children. Secondly this can lead to spread the words in families and communities as well. No doubt they know about the harmful effect of drinking but not the actual effect on fetus and FASD. Mass media: Social media have great impact on the young population of the country. We can use social sites, television, YouTube to convey the message to youth. A short documentary videos will prove effective in spreading messages. As well pamphlets, brochures and health promotion posters to settle on better choices about drinking liquor. Just make people aware by themselves by promoting the adverse effects, for example, wellbeing cautioning marks or labels on liquor cans and bottles will prove effective. Utilizing broad communications to connect with our gatherings of people, we can provide online devices and other data where individuals can evaluate their own drinking and know about statistics and facts dealing with liquor. SECONDARY AWARENESS: Screening: If female consume alcohol, no matter in which amount, the female is pregnant or likely to get pregnant, it is recommended to get screening from the consultant. This will involve nourishment history, sexual wellbeing, contraception history (if taken in the past), previous pregnancy history, breast feeding etc. This all data can reveal the chances of getting FASD in her child and thus appropriate precautions can be taken to avoid it. Secondary prevention can be done with essential health care and examining nourishment, sexual wellbeing, contraception, origination and/or pregnancy with customers preceding and amid pregnancy and breastfeeding. Need to consider following advice on alcohol use before and after pregnancy: No liquor in pregnancy is the most secure decision We will encourage ladies to quit drinking liquor when pregnant and preferably when they are planning to conceive, quit it right away. Because there is no safe limit or time to drink liquor during pregnancy. If woman is not able to quit liquor, we will advise her to lessen her liquor consumption, do not refrain yourself to seek medical support. Action Plan: First and foremost action is to distribute pamphlets and brochure. The main site of getting attention will be gynecology and obstetrics wards and clinics in Auckland, where it will be of greater use. This will help us to can set up an activity plans, with shorter-term objectives and duties. For long term goals, we will target teenage girls, young women in their early twenties, to prevent FASD from root. How to deal with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)? FASD is not actually curable, early mediation administrations help child to improve from birth to toddler age and can learn critical aptitudes. Certain therapies and conservative treatments are helpful in making child talk, walk, and collaborate with others. There are projects that can help individuals with FASD with their learning and conduct. These projects can help individuals with FASD be as free and accomplish however much as could be expected. Last but not least, do not hesitate to consult with your GP. CONCLUSION: Health promotion is not only the matter of distributing pamphlets and advertisements, it is a huge responsibility and opportunity to make society aware of its surroundings. We need to utilize the frameworks vision, objectives and managing standards. We need to gather and disperse learning, consequences of assessment and best practices are placed set up at the national level. It is a continuous process, if done with the proper vision and direction, can make effective change in community. References What is FASD? Retrieved on march 12, 2015 from National Organization for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: http://www.nofasard.org/ Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Retrieved on march 15, 2015 from Ministry of Health: http://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/conditions-and-treatments/disabilities/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-fasd Blackburn, C. (2010). PRIMARY FRAMEWORK: TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES TO SUPPORT PRIMARY AGED STUDENTS WITH FOETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS (FASD). London, UK: National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Dastgheib, S. (2014, May 9). 3000 babies affected by mothers drinking. Retrieved on march 19,2015 from Health Global Drug Survey: http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/10060553/3000-babies-affected-by-mothers-drinking Fetal Alcohol Network NZ. Retrieved on March 15, 2015 from http://www.fan.org.nz/fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder Stratton, K., Howe, C., Battaglia, F. (1996). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

The Warhead Cable Test Dilemma Stanton Wong

1) What stage of moral development do you think Stanton Wong is at? What about Harry Jackson? Why do you think so? According to Kohlberg’s moral development theory, Stanton Wong is at post-conventional level. At this level, right action comes to be defined in terms of moral principles chosen because of their logical comprehensiveness, universality and consistency. It is because he is concerned with the well being of the innocent civilians and the military personnel if a missile misfired. Furthermore, he also thought how he can resolve this problem so that everyone is cared for equally that not harmed by the missile misfired. For Harry Jackson, he is at pre-conventional level. It is because he does not cares of others except if it benefits himself and how senior management can reward him. 2) What do you think Stanton should do now, and why? Use one or more of the methods of ethical reasoning presented in the chapter to support your view. I think Stanton should ask the source inspector, Jane Conway to check the warhead cable and also report to Jane Conway about the failed samples first. If Harry Jackson still ignores to solve the problem then Stanton should report to senior management. Besides, he also can try getting someone in the parent company to get help. One of the methods of ethical reasoning is logic. I think it is logical for Stanton to report the mistakes to authorities as he cares for the civilians and the military personnel. The other method of ethical reasoning is consistency. I think the behavior of Stanton is consistent with his caring attitude and always think that what he can do to solve the problem. 3) Should Stanton blow the whistle on his company? Why or why not? I think Stanton should inform senior management and should not become an external whistle-blower because the media should not be involved. He should try to solve the problem internally first before involving outside parties. Furthermore, he was respected by factory workers and management colleagues and he should not destroy his reputation by himself. Besides that, he also should not destroy the company’s image because he himself is an employee of the company. 4) What steps could the company take to prevent a situation like this from occurring in the future? To prevent a situation like this from occurring in the future, the company should have an established set of testing rules and if a certain number of tests fail out of another certain number then something needs to be done to fix the problem immediately. This rule should be strictly implemented. Secondly, if there any serious disagreement between vice president and supervisor, the matter should directly report to top management. Besides that, the company should take actions on Harry Jackson such as issue him a warning letter or punishment so that he will not repeat the mistake in future.